Ace the Barnard Statistics Concepts Test 2026 – Stats Mastery Starts Here!

Keeping selection probabilities constant across draws means each item in the population has the same chance of being chosen on every draw, and what you pick on one draw doesn’t affect the next. That happens when draws are independent and with replacement, so the probability stays the same each time. Without replacement, probabilities would change as items are removed. So the term that best fits is independent random sampling (often implemented as sampling with replacement). The other terms don’t specify this property: a random sample is a broad idea, while a unit normal table and a standardized distribution refer to distributions, not how samples are drawn.